摘 要:正常细胞的能量主要来自糖酵解和线粒体的有氧氧化,细胞的活性和能量状态密切相关,恶性肿瘤由于其生长迅速,常常出现葡萄糖摄取量增高、糖酵解增加和乳酸堆积现象,针对肿瘤细胞能量代谢的研究受到了广泛的关注。
本文通过介绍肿瘤细胞对能源物质的利用和代谢机制及对调节能量代谢的有影响的因素,将有利于揭示肿瘤能量代谢改变与肿瘤发生发展之间的因果关联,为抗癌药物作用机理的阐明和针对能量代谢的靶向肿瘤治疗策略提供新的视野。
关键词 :肿瘤能量代谢;Warburg 效应;糖酵解;线粒体氧化磷酸化;能源物质Resarch progress in the characteristics of Energy Metabolism and mechanism of tumor cell Abstract: The energy of normal cells is mainly derived from glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The activity and energy status of cells are closely related. Because of their rapid growth, malignant tumors often have increased glucose uptake, increased glycolysis and accumulation of lactic acid. The study of energy metabolism, targeting tumor cells, has received extensive attention. This article describes the use of energy substances and metabolic mechanisms of tumor cells and describes the factors that can regulate energy metabolism. It will help to reveal the causal relationship between tumor energy metabolism and the development of tumors, clarifying the mechanism of anti-cancer drugs and providing a new perspective for cancer treatment strategies targeting energy metabolism. Key Words:Energy metabolism of tumer; Warburg effect; Glycolysis; Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation;Energy substance新陈代谢是机体生命活动的基本特征,包括物质代谢和能量代谢。
有机体在物质代谢过程中能量的释放、转换和利用过程称为能量代谢。
细胞的能量主要来自糖代谢。
葡萄糖在体内氧化分解的途径包括糖酵解和氧化磷酸化。
正常细胞主要以葡萄糖的氧化磷酸化供能,在缺氧环境下则以糖酵解为主。
而肿瘤细胞能量代谢特点则明显不同,即便在氧供充足的情况下,肿瘤细胞仍表现为活跃地摄取葡萄糖并进行糖酵解,同时产生大量乳酸,这就是肿瘤能量代谢的先锋理论Warburg效应[1]。
虽然糖酵解产能效率低,但对于快速增殖的肿瘤细胞而言快速方便。
糖酵解不仅为肿瘤细胞快速增殖提供ATP,还能提高肿瘤细胞的葡萄糖摄取量为新细胞的构筑提供多种生物大分子,从而赋予其生长增殖优势。
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